Yes, the Government can see anything we do on any of our devices easily. Here's what you can do to prevent it.
Protect your Internet access
On anything that accesses the Internet, use a VPN. I recommend Mullvad or NordVPN.
Here's how to set them up on Android and iPhone.
Calling and Messaging Privacy
Voice Calls
Use an encryption app like RedPhone on Android or Signal on iPhone.
Messaging
Use an encryption app like TextSecure on Android or SureSpot on iPhone/Android.
Data Privacy
Protect my Mobile's data
Encrypt your entire Android. This feature is not yet present on iOS.
Protect my Computer's data
Windows
Use Bitlocker.
Mac
Use FileVault 2.
Linux
Use Ubuntu built-in or dm-crypt.
Geolocation and Advertising Privacy
Disable location tracking on Android and iPhone. iPhone however can have this service re-enabled remotely by users, and (assumption) likely by Apple as well.
Disabling advertising, install Ghostery, use DuckDuckGo instead of Google for your searches, and opt-out of Google's targetted ads.